Indications of a bed bug infestation include blood spots on sheets, bites, and the presence of bed bug feces and shed skins. Bites commonly appear on body parts more exposed during sleep, such as the hands, neck, face, shoulders, legs, and arms. While not consistent, bed bug bites often occur in clusters or follow a line or zigzag pattern. These bites typically manifest as small, flat, or raised areas that may become inflamed, itchy, red, or blistered. Symptoms of bed bug bites may not immediately appear and could take a few days to develop, though reactions vary from person to person.

Bed bugs possess a flat and diminutive stature, enabling them to conceal themselves effortlessly during daylight hours when they're inactive. They seek refuge in various hiding spots such as mattresses, bed frames, bedding, furniture, carpets, baseboards, and cluttered areas within bedrooms. Their preferred hiding places often include the seams of mattresses and the interiors of box springs. Nevertheless, spotting a live specimen is not essential for confirming an infestation. Evidence of their presence includes brown to black excrement stains on mattresses and linens, as well as visible bloodstains resulting from accidental crushing of the bugs.

Bed bugs primarily hitchhike on people's belongings, with common modes of transportation including luggage, suitcases, purses, gym bags, and items kept in close proximity to sleep areas. These pests exploit the warmth and proximity to human hosts provided by such items, facilitating their spread from one location to another. Thus, vigilance and proper inspection of personal belongings are crucial in preventing the inadvertent introduction and dissemination of bed bugs into homes and other environments.